Lesson 2 Title: Complex Sentence Structures
Subtitle: Lesson 2
Presented by: Fatima
Contact Information: blackboarder1@gmail.com

Understanding Complex Sentences

• Definition of Complex Sentences

• Importance of Complex Sentences in Advanced English

• Overview of Clauses (Relative, Conditional, Concessive)

A complex sentence consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. These sentences help us express detailed and nuanced ideas.

We'll focus on three types of clauses:
◦ relative clauses
◦ conditional clauses
◦ concessive clauses.

• Definition and Purpose
• Types of Relative Pronouns
who ◦ which ◦ that
• Examples of Relative Clauses

Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

They are introduced by relative pronouns such as
who ◦ which ◦ that.

For example:

1. The book that I borrowed from the library is fascinating.

2. She met a person who can help with the project.

Relative clauses help us give more details without starting a new sentence.

• Definition and Types
Zero ◦ First ◦ Second ◦ Third Conditionals
• Examples of Conditional Clauses
• Usage in Speculative and Hypothetical Situations

Conditional clauses express situations and their possible outcomes.
They are often used to discuss real or hypothetical scenarios and their consequences.

Here are the main types:

Zero Conditional:
For general truths.
If you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional:
For real and possible future situations.
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

Second Conditional:
For hypothetical situations in the present or future.
If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

Third Conditional:
For hypothetical situations in the past.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

• Definition and Purpose
• Common Concessive Conjunctions
although ◦ even though ◦ despite
• Examples of Concessive Clauses

Concessive clauses are used to express contrast or concession.
They highlight a contrast between two statements, showing that one does not negate the other.

Examples include:

1. Although it was raining, we went for a hike.
2. She managed to finish the project on time, despite the tight deadline.

These clauses add depth by acknowledging exceptions or contrasts.

• Combine Simple Sentences into Complex Sentences
• Create Sentences Using Relative, Conditional, and Concessive Clauses
• Review Answers to Check Understanding

1. Combine the following simple sentences into a complex sentence using a relative clause:

The movie is playing at the cinema.
I want to see the movie.

2. Create a complex sentence using the second conditional:

I would travel more.
If I had more free time.

3. Combine these sentences using a concessive clause:

He is a great chef.
He has never worked in a restaurant.

Work on these exercises, then check your answers to see how well you’ve understood today’s lesson.

To summarize, today we focused on complex sentences and their components:

◦ relative clauses
◦ conditional clauses
◦ concessive clauses.

In our next class, we’ll build on these skills.