Lesson 3 Title: Advanced Modal Verbs
Subtitle: Lesson 3
Presented by: Fatima
Contact Information: blackboarder1@gmail.com

Understanding Advanced Modal Verbs

• Introduction to Modals for Deduction, Speculation, and Advice

• Importance of Modal Verbs in Expressing Nuanced Ideas

• Overview of Class Content

Modal verbs like ‘must ◦ might ◦ could ◦ should’ allow us to convey possibility, probability, and necessity.

By the end of this class, you’ll be able to use these modals with greater accuracy and confidence.

Definition:
Using Modals to Make Logical Assumptions

Key Modals:
Must ◦ Can’t ◦ Could ◦ Might

Examples of Deduction in Present and Past

Must:
is used when we are almost certain something is true.
She must be at work; her car is not here.

Can’t:
is used when we are almost certain something is not true.
He can’t be the thief; he was with me all day.

Could ◦ Might:
suggest a possibility, but we are less certain.
She might be the new manager, but I’m not sure.

These modals can be used to talk about both the present and the past.

Definition:
Using Modals to Guess About Possible Situations

Key Modals:
Might ◦ May ◦ Could

Examples of Speculation in Different Contexts

Might ◦ May ◦ Could:
are often used to talk about possibilities.
It might rain tomorrow.
He may have taken the wrong train.

These modals help us guess or predict what might happen or what might have happened.

Definition:
Using Modals to Give Recommendations or Advice

Key Modals:
Should ◦ Ought to ◦ Had Better

Examples of Giving Advice in Different Scenarios

Should ◦ Ought to
are used to give general advice or recommendations.
You should study more if you want to pass the exam.

Had Better
suggests a strong recommendation, often implying a warning.
You had better leave now, or you’ll miss the bus.

These modals are used to give recommendations or suggest the best course of action.

Exercise 1:
Deduction - Complete the Sentence

Exercise 2:
Speculation - Choose the Correct Modal

Exercise 3:
Advice - Rewrite the Sentences

1. Deduction:
Complete the sentences using ‘must, can’t, or might.’

The lights are off, so they ___ be at home.

2. Speculation:
Choose the correct modal to complete the sentences.

It ___ rain later, so take an umbrella.

3. Advice:
Rewrite the sentences using ‘should, ought to, or had better.’

It’s getting late. You ___ go home now.

To summarize, today we explored how to use modal verbs for deduction, speculation, and advice.

These modals are crucial for conveying probability, making predictions, and offering recommendations.

In our next class, we’ll continue to build on these skills.