• Learn to use modals of probability (may, might, could, must) to express different levels of certainty
• Practice talking about possibilities and making predictions
• Apply these skills in discussing real-world scenarios and future possibilities
Introduction to Expressing Possibility and Certainty
Why is it important?
Being able to express how sure you are about something is a key communication skill. It allows you to convey your thoughts more accurately, whether you’re making predictions, giving advice, or discussing potential outcomes.
Key Topics
• Understanding and using modals of probability
• Differentiating between varying degrees of certainty
Examples:
◦ It might rain tomorrow.
(Possibility)
◦ She must be at work by now.
(Certainty)
Grammar Focus
Modals of Probability
May
To express a possibility (but not certain)
We may go to the beach if the weather is nice.
Might
To express a lower probability than "may"
She might join us later if she finishes work early.
Could
To express a possibility, often implying one of many possible outcomes
The situation could improve with the new policy.
Must
To express a high level of certainty or a logical conclusion
He must be the one who left the door open.
Examples:
May:
It may snow later.
Might:
They might arrive late.
Could:
This could be the solution we’ve been looking for.
Must:
You must be tired after the long flight.
Fill in the blanks
1. She __________ (might/must) be at the library. She’s always there on weekends. 2. They __________ (could/must) come to the party, but they haven’t decided yet.
Vocabulary
Possibility and Certainty
Key Vocabulary
Likelihood:
The chance of something happening
Probability:
The measure of how likely an event is to occur
Uncertainty:
The state of being unsure about something
Assumption:
Something that is accepted as true without proof
Prediction:
A statement about what will happen in the future
Phrases to Use
There’s a high likelihood that…
It’s quite possible that…
There’s a slim chance of…
Example Sentences:
◦ There’s a high likelihood that technology will advance rapidly in the next decade.
◦ It’s quite possible that she’ll get the promotion.
◦ There’s a slim chance of rain today, but I’ll bring an umbrella just in case.
Match the vocabulary with the correct definition
1. Likelihood 2. Assumption
Practice
Expressing Possibility and Certainty
1. Pair up with a partner and discuss different scenarios. Use modals of probability to express how likely each scenario is.
2. Write a short paragraph predicting the outcome of a current event or trend. Use the vocabulary and modals of probability from today’s lesson.
Homework:
Write a short essay (150-200 words) about a future event or trend you believe might happen. Use at least two modals of probability in your writing.
Homework Example:
There’s a possibility that AI could revolutionize many industries. It may even replace some jobs. However, it might take a few more years before we see widespread adoption. People must adapt to this new reality.
Preview of Next Class:
Talking about health and well-being using conditionals (mixed conditionals).