Class 8 Title: The Importance of Academic Citations
Subtitle: Class 8
Presented by: Fatima
Contact Information: blackboarder1@gmail.com

Why Cite Sources?

Avoid Plagiarism:
Giving credit to original authors prevents plagiarism, which is a serious academic offense.

Support Your Argument:
Citations provide evidence to back up your claims, lending credibility to your work.

Engage with Scholarship:
Demonstrating that you've engaged with existing research shows that you're contributing to an ongoing academic conversation.

When to Cite

Quotations:
Whenever you use someone else's exact words.

Paraphrasing:
When you rephrase someone else's ideas in your own words.

Summarizing:
When you condense a large amount of information from a source into a brief overview.

Facts and Data:
When presenting information that is not common knowledge.

Example of Citation Importance:
Claiming, "Climate change is caused by human activities," should be supported by a credible source, such as a scientific study, to strengthen your argument.

Overview of Citation Styles

American Psychological Association
Commonly used in social sciences.

In-text citation example:
(Smith, 2023).

Reference list example:
Smith, J. (2023). Title of the Book. Publisher.


Modern Language Association
Often used in humanities.

In-text citation example:
(Smith 45).

Works Cited example:
Smith, John. Title of the Book. Publisher, 2023.


Chicago/Turabian
Used in history and some social sciences.

Footnote example:
John Smith, Title of the Book (Publisher, 2023), 45.

Bibliography example:
Smith, John. Title of the Book. Publisher, 2023.

Choosing the Right Style

Follow Guidelines:
Use the citation style required by your instructor or publication.

Consistency is Key:
Always be consistent with the style you choose—don't mix and match.

Example:
For a psychology paper, you would likely use APA style. A source cited in the text would appear as (Smith, 2023), and the full reference would be listed at the end of the paper in APA format.

In-Text Citation Practice

Exercise:
Choose a paragraph from an academic article.
Practice paraphrasing the paragraph and include an in-text citation in APA, MLA, or Chicago style.

Example

Original text:
Climate change impacts are worsening globally.

Paraphrased with citation:
The global effects of climate change are becoming increasingly severe (Smith, 2023).

Creating a Reference List

Exercise:
Compile a list of three to five sources related to a topic of your choice.
Format them according to APA, MLA, or Chicago style.

Example (APA style):
Smith, J. (2023). Climate Change and Its Effects. Environmental Press.

Using Citation Tools
Tools to Help

Citation Generators:
Tools like EasyBib, Citation Machine, or Zotero can help you generate citations in various styles.

Reference Management Software:
Programs like EndNote, Mendeley, or RefWorks help organize references and create bibliographies automatically.

Final Tips

Double-Check:
Always cross-check your citations and references for accuracy.

Practice Consistently:
The more you practice, the more comfortable you’ll become with citing sources correctly.

Next Class: Academic Research