Lesson 11 Title: Expressing Hypotheticals and Speculation
Subtitle: Lesson 11
Presented by: Fatima
Contact Information: blackboarder1@gmail.com

Introduction to Hypotheticals and Speculation

Definition:
Hypotheticals involve imagining unreal situations; speculation is forming theories without firm evidence.

Common usage:
Discussing possibilities, giving advice, predicting outcomes.

Third Conditional:
Imagines past events with different outcomes.

Structure:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
If I had known, I would have gone.

Mixed Conditional:
Combines past conditions with present results.

Structure:
If + past perfect, would + base form.
If they had taken the train, they would be here now.

Modals for Speculation:
Might ◦ could ◦ may ◦ must.
It might rain tomorrow.

Exercise:
Complete the sentences:

1. If I (know) about the meeting, I (go).

2. She ___ be at home now.

3. If they (leave) earlier, they (catch) the train.

4. He ___ have missed the bus, which is why he’s late.

5. If I (know) about the job opening, I (apply) for it.

6. She didn’t study harder. She’s not confident about the exam.

7. They ___ expand their business next year if the current trend continues.

That’s all for today!

We will continue learning more in our next class.

Goodbye!