-ing forms

also known as the present participle, is a non-finite form of the verb that is used in various ways in English.

It is formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of the verb "the infinitive without "to".

The "-ing" form has several functions and uses in English:

The "-ing form is used to form the
◦ present continuous "Progressive"
◦ past continuous "Progressive"
◦ future continuous tenses.
In these tenses, the -ing form indicates ongoing or continuous actions.

Examples:

Present continuous:
She is reading a book.

Past continuous:
They were playing football.

Future continuous:
I will be studying all night.

The -ing form can function as a noun in a sentence, known as a gerund.

Gerunds are used to talk about actions or activities as things.

Examples:

Swimming is good exercise.
subject of the sentence

I enjoy cooking.
object of the verb "enjoy"

The -ing form can also function as an adjective in a sentence, known as a present participle.

Present participles modify nouns and pronouns, describing the characteristics or qualities of the noun or pronoun.

Examples:

The running water sounded soothing.
modifying the noun "water"

The laughing children played in the park.
modifying the noun "children"

The -ing form can be used in the construction of the continuous infinitive, which is formed by


It is used to express an action that is ongoing or continues for a period of time.

Example:
She decided to start running regularly.

The -ing form can be used in adverbial phrases to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs in a sentence.

Examples:

She left the party, feeling upset.
modifying the verb "left"

The movie was surprisingly entertaining, leaving us wanting more.
modifying the adjective "entertaining"

Common verbs followed by an -ing object are:

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common -ing adjectives are:


Overall, the "-ing" form is versatile in English and can serve as a verb form, a noun, an adjective, or part of a verb phrase, adding richness and flexibility to the language.

Understanding how to use the "-ing" form correctly is essential for clear and effective communication.